Liguria | Progetto Bioarchivio

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Illustrazione della Domenica delle Palme a Bordighera da MARS in 1888

Il momento dell'introduzione della palma in Liguria è sconosciuto dalle fonte storici. Le tradizione lo fanno risalire al tempo delle crociate o delle incursioni dei pirati saraceni, o anche degli contatti della Repubblica di Genova con la regione del Levante spagnolo, dove si trova il palmeto di Elche. Secondo la tradizione leggendaria, le palme sono arrivati nei primi secoli del cristianesimo, con i monaci d'Oriente. Niente escluso anche la possibilità di una presenza autochtona, che risalerebbe ad una perioda molto piu antica.

PRESENTAZIONE

Leggere l'articolo

CASTELLANA Robert 2012. Il Palmeto Storico del Vallone del Sasso: Descrizione Paesaggistica e Patrimoniale.

Link: http://www.italia.listephoenix.com/

Abstract

Qualunque siano le sue origini, la palma ha trovato sulla costa ligure, un rifugio in cui può germogliare spontaneamente e riprodursi naturalmente. La prima menzione di culture rituali di palma da datteri nella zona e attestata dalla fondazione della città di Sanremo nel Medioevo. Sanremo divenne allora il fornitore ufficiale del Vaticano, ma anche delle comunità ebraiche d'Europa. Le tradizioni ebraica e cristiana richiedono la coltivazione di palma secundo prescrizioni rituali molto severe. Queste tradizioni di coltura sono stati conservati fino ad oggi nel palmeto storico di Bordighera, dove ci sono ancora un migliaio di alberi. Per quanto riguarda la tecnica di cultura delle palme cristiane, esiste un obbligo rituale sul colore, che deve essere il più bianco possibile. A questo scopo, nel mese di luglio, il "cuore" (detto "occhio") dell'albero, vale a dire tutte le foglie centrali, sono legate a forma di bouquet. In assenza di luce, le palme crescono in senza reazione clorofilla. Le palme ebrei sono legate in giugnio, in modo di prevenire che le foglie crescono troppo, così come di impedire che non si apre la fogliole terminale.

Reportage: la legatura delle palme a Villa Garnier (Bordighera)

Link: http://www.italia.listephoenix.com/

Gallery: la coltura delle palme a Bordighera

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PARMURELI

Le palme legate sono "aperte" alcune settimane prima di Pasqua. L'albero non sarà gestito in seguito prima di 2 anni. Poi e raccolto il bouquet, che può essere fino a 20 fogli, destinate tra altro alla fornitura ufficiale del Vaticano. Sarrano usati per l’Ufficio delle palme o per l’intrecciatura dei parmurelli. L’interecciatura ha dato vita, in tutta la regione Liguria, a una industria importante. I motivi principali che siamo in grado di identificare sono: * i fiori (o rose), * il vaso, * il cestino e suoi derivati, * le croci (con 4, 6 o 8 rami), * il frisone (o fisarmonica), * la pancia (o pesce), * la colomba, * la barca, che è una specialità di Bordighera, e altre inntrecciature secundo all'ispirazione del momento.

Le foglie di palme di Bordighera per la Settimana Santa in Vaticano.

Archivio Storico Luce

Elenco dei parmurelli di Bordighera

http://www.clubnauticobordighera.it/

http://www.compagniadellapalma.eu/

Gallery: le parmurelli della Liguria

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LOULAVIM

Leggere l'articolo

PARSONS J. 2011. The festival of Sukkot, the feast of the Tabernacles, from Hebrew for Christian.

Link: http://www.hebrew4christians.com/

Abstract

La produzione di palma rituale ebraiche differisce in modo significativo. Non richiede cultura, in quanto è solo una raccolta dei giovani germogli dell'anno. Tuttavia, si presuppone l'utilizzo esclusivo di palme dactylifera. La raccolta si svolge nel mese di settembre. Questa cultura è molto meno produttivo (fino a dieci foglie per albero) pero puo esserer annuale. Il palmeto di Bordighera era il furnitore delle comunità ebraiche di tutta Europa. Gli artigiani del posto producevano anche le palline e gli ometti destinate alla confezzione del bouquet rituale della festa ebraica, composto da altre due piante, il salice e il mirto, e di un frutto di cedro. La festa ebraica delle palme si svolge al’inizio del’autumno e perpetua la fuga degli Ebrei dell’Egitto, con la construzione di capanne di palme.

Gallery: la festa ebraica delle palme

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